s discoidea.=

127a. Bracts of the involucre all essentially alike in form and texture
(flowers in summer and autumn) (Sunflower) --179.

127b. Bracts of the involucre in two distinct sets, differing in form or
consistency or both --128.

128a. Leaves entire (3-8 dm. high; late spring and summer) --120b.

128b. Leaves serrate (late summer and autumn) (Bur Marigold) --129.

129a. Rays large and conspicuous, 2-3 cm. long (3-10 dm. high)
=Bur Marigold, Bidens laevis.=

129b. Rays 1 cm. long or less --130.

130a. Outer bracts leaf-like, serrate, 3-8 cm. long (4-15 dm. high)
=Bur Marigold, Bidens comosa.=

130b. Outer bracts 1-2.5 cm. long (2-15 dm. high) --131.

131a. Heads nodding after flowering =Bur Marigold, Bidens cernua.=

131b. Heads permanently erect =Bur Marigold, Bidens connata.=

132a. Heads small, seldom more than 1 cm. wide, including the rays,
blooming in late summer and autumn; flowers numerous, crowded
in spikes, racemes, corymbs, or panicles (Goldenrod) --133.

132b. Heads medium size or large, more than 1 cm. and usually
exceeding 2 cm. in width, including the rays --165.

133a. Heads chiefly in clusters or short racemes in the axils of
ordinary foliage leaves, or occasionally the upper compacted into
a leafy cluster terminating the stem --134.

133b. Heads crowded at or near the ends of the branches at about the
same distance from the base of the panicle, forming a rounded or
flat-topped inflorescence --140.

133c. Heads more or less uniformly distributed along the length of the
branches, forming a cylindrical or pyramidal inflorescence, never
flat-topped --146.

134a. Stem and both sides of the leaves more or less pubescent or
rough (4-10 dm. high) --135.

134b. Stem and both sides of the leaves essentially smooth or with
very short hairs (3-10 dm. high) --136.

135a. Rays white =Goldenrod, Solidago bicolor.=

135b. Rays yellow =Goldenrod, Solidago hispida.=

136a. Basal leaves abruptly narrowed to winged petioles --137.

136b. Basal leaves not abruptly narrowed to winged petioles --138.

137a. Involucre 2-5 mm. long =Goldenrod, Solidago latifolia.=

137b. Involucre 8-12 m