m. long =Goldenrod, Solidago macrophylla.=

138a. Lower leaves broadly oval, obtuse, thickish, crenate; achenes
glabrous =Goldenrod, Solidago erecta.=

138b. Lower leaves lanceolate, acuminate, thin, sharply serrate;
achenes hairy --139.

139a. Stem usually simple; heads few in very small clusters
=Goldenrod, Solidago caesia var. axillaris.=

139b. Stem usually diffusely branched; heads numerous
=Goldenrod, Solidago caesia.=

140a. Lower leaves ovate, oblong, or oval, pinnately veined (5-15
dm. high) --141.

140b. Lower leaves linear-lanceolate. 3-5-veined (3-12 dm. high)
--142.

141a. Stem and leaves rough-hairy =Goldenrod, Solidago rigida.=

141b. Stem and leaves smooth =Goldenrod, Solidago ohioensis.=

142a. Heads very few in a small cluster; leaves few and scattered
=Goldenrod, Solidago houghtonii.=

142b. Heads very many, in a large cluster; stem very leafy --143.

143a. Leaves hairy =Goldenrod, Solidago graminifolia var. nuttallii.=

143b. Leaves smooth --144.

144a. Leaves folded, 8-20 mm. wide
=Goldenrod, Solidago riddellii.=

144b. Leaves flat, 1-8 mm. wide --145.

145a. Leaves 4-8 mm. wide, distinctly 3-5-ribbed
=Goldenrod, Solidago graminifolia.=

145b. Leaves 1-4 mm. wide, usually with 1 mid-vein
=Goldenrod, Solidago tenuifolia.=

146a. Only 2-5 stem-leaves below the inflorescence (1-3 dm. high)
=Goldenrod, Solidago cutleri.=

146b. Stem-leaves numerous --147.

147a. Basal leaves much larger than the greatly reduced or bract-like
upper ones --148.

147b. Leaves essentially uniform in size from base to summit of stem
--157.

148a. Racemes or branches of the panicle either short and arranged
along a more or less elongated central axis, or elongated and
ascending, scarcely recurved, forming a narrow, more or less
elongated panicle --149.

148b. Racemes or branches of the panicle usually elongated,
spreading outwards, usually recurved, forming a widened
panicle --153.

149a. Leaves mostly entire, the u