e discussion of Papal
infallibility, 523-4
on Doellinger's _Kirche und Kirchen_, 415
on the infallibility of the Pope, 496
personal popularity of, 497
quarrel with Russia, 493
reform of excommunication laws, 531
treatment of Doellinger, 411
Vatican Council convened and prepared for by, 492-511
obstinacy in management of Vatican Council, 532
reforms of, 402
refusal of permission to Theiner to publish acts of Council of Trent, 431
and Vatican Council, Doellinger's estimate of, 431
veneration of, spell broken by protesting bishops, 531

Planck, Moehler's address to, 378

Plantagenet, house of, claims backed by Rome against house of Bruce, 35

Plantier, authority on Louis Philippe, 402

Platen, diaries of, description of Doellinger's early studies in, 375

Plato, _Laws_, 22
on class interests, 69, 71
opinions of, 71
not without perverted notions of morality, 18
_Republic_ of, 270

Plebeians, Roman, struggle with aristocracy, 13, 14

Plotinus, ideal society of, 270

Plutarch, religious knowledge of, 406

Poland, 105;
Anjou as candidate for throne of, 105;
prospects of, after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144
an exception to common law of dynastic States, 274;
and why, 275;
the consequence, the partition, 275
extinction of, 283
government of, and the Reformation, 43
partition of, awakening theory of nationality in Europe, 275
religious toleration in sixteenth century, 103
republic of, nature, 49
Socinians in, Beza's hostility to, 146
wrath in, at the Huguenot massacres, 120

Pole, Cardinal, _Il Principe_ brought to notice of, 214
_cited_ on political scruples, 219

Polish exiles, why always champions of national movements, 286
Protestants, strength and unity of, 103
revolution, causes united in, 284

Political corruption, Hamilton's paradox on, 581
disorders, distribution supersedes concentration of power as remedy
against, under Solon, 7
equality at Athens, 68
forms, confusion with popular rights, 238
freedom inherently absent in France, 237-40
habits and ideas special to particular nations, varying in the
national history, 297
intelligence, not culture, the test of a conquering race, 242
liberty in modern times the fruit of self-government, 253
life a sign of true patriotism, 293
opposition to Vatican Council, absence of, 511
power should be in proportion to public service, 8
observance of thi