its Catholic inhabitants, 124
Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., 526
career of, 526
character of, 326
French representation on Vatican Council urged by, 505
on Papal infallibility, 532
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
university of, and the Inquisition, 570

Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, 558

Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, 578
government, primitive republicanism the germ of, 32

Parma, centre of historical work, 387
(1862) nationality in, 292

Partition of Poland, _see under_ Poland

Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
_cited_ on varying standards of right and wrong, 220

Passaglia, fame of, 413
on papal liberty, 313
reputation of, 502

Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and
philosophers, 47, 48
taught by Luther, 156, 161, 180;
asserted by Calvin, 180-81

_Patrie_, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome,
439, 443, 444, 445;
his reply, 439

Paul, Father, 432

Paul III., Pope (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, 214;
letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, 217

Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, 114

Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, 105;
alarmist views on, held by Salvati, 110

Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, 155, 156
& _note_, 162

Pegna, Arragonese origin of, 558, 560
character of works of, 428

Pelleve, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre
of Huguenots, 111

Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, 69

Penn, William, 410;
follower of doctrine of toleration, 84

Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, 556

Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, 84

People, _see also_ Democracy _and_ Will of the People
sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, 277
wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French
Revolution as to, 271

Percin, authority on the Inquisition, 554
German ignorance of, 428

Peresius, on Bible inspiration, 514

Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of

Philip II. of Spain, 104

Pericles and democracy, 9, 68
effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in
politics, 10

Perronne, on biblical critics, 514
on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
hostility to Pa