f the
Indian frontier upon the Puritan type of English colonist.

In 1703-4, for example, the General Court of Massachusetts ordered five
hundred pairs of snowshoes and an equal number of moccasins for use in
specified counties "lying Frontier next to the Wilderness."[45:1]
Connecticut in 1704 after referring to her frontier towns and garrisons
ordered that "said company of English and Indians shall, from time to
time at the discretion of their chief co[=m]ander, range the woods to
indevour the discovery of an approaching enemy, and in especiall manner
from Westfield to Ousatunnuck.[45:2] . . . And for the incouragement of
our forces gone or going against the enemy, this Court will allow out of
the publick treasurie the su[=m]e of five pounds for every mans scalp of
the enemy killed in this Colonie."[45:3] Massachusetts offered bounties
for scalps, varying in amount according to whether the scalp was of men,
or women and youths, and whether it was taken by regular forces under
pay, volunteers in service, or volunteers without pay.[45:4] One of the
most striking phases of frontier adjustment, was the proposal of the
Rev. Solomon Stoddard of Northampton in the fall of 1703, urging the use
of dogs "to hunt Indians as they do Bears." The argument was that the
dogs would catch many an Indian who would be too light of foot for the
townsmen, nor was it to be thought of as inhuman; for the Indians "act
like wolves and are to be dealt with as wolves."[45:5] In fact
Massachusetts passed an act in 1706 for the raising and increasing of
dogs for the better security of the frontiers, and both Massachusetts
and Connecticut in 1708 paid money from their treasury for the trailing
of dogs.[46:1]

Thus we come to familiar ground: the Massachusetts frontiersman like his
western successor hated the Indians; the "tawney serpents," of Cotton
Mather's phrase, were to be hunted down and scalped in accord with law
and, in at least one instance by the chaplain himself, a Harvard
graduate, the hero of the Ballad of Pigwacket, who

many Indians slew,
And some of them he scalp'd when bullets round him flew.[46:2]

Within the area bounded by the frontier line, were the broken fragments
of Indians defeated in the era of King Philip's War, restrained within
reservations, drunken and degenerate survivors, among whom the
missionaries worked with small results, a vexation to the border
towns,[46:3] as they were in the cas