y, and protested against the apportionment by which the
counties of Chester, Bucks, and Philadelphia, together with the city of
Philadelphia, elected twenty-six delegates, while the five frontier
counties had but ten.[112:4] The frontier complained against the failure
of the dominant Quaker party of the coast to protect the interior
against the Indians.[112:5] The three old wealthy counties under Quaker
rule feared the growth of the West, therefore made few new counties, and
carefully restricted the representation in each to preserve the majority
in the old section. At the same time, by a property qualification they
met the danger of the democratic city population. Among the points of
grievance in this colony, in addition to apportionment and
representation, was the difficulty of access to the county seat, owing
to the size of the back counties. Dr. Lincoln has well set forth the
struggle of the back country, culminating in its triumph in the
constitutional convention of 1776, which was chiefly the work of the
Presbyterian counties.[113:1] Indeed, there were two revolutions in
Pennsylvania, which went on side by side: one a revolt against the
coastal property-holding classes, the old dominant Quaker party, and the
other a revolt against Great Britain, which was in this colony made
possible only by the triumph of the interior.

In Virginia, as early as 1710, Governor Spotswood had complained that
the old counties remained small while the new ones were sometimes ninety
miles long, the inhabitants being obliged to travel thirty or forty
miles to their own court-house. Some of the counties had 1,700
tithables, while others only a dozen miles square had 500. Justices of
the peace disliked to ride forty or fifty miles to their monthly courts.
Likewise there was disparity in the size of parishes--for example, that
of Varina, on the upper James, had nine hundred tithables, many of whom
lived fifty miles from their church. But the vestry refused to allow the
remote parishioners to separate, because it would increase the parish
levy of those that remained. He feared lest this would afford
"opportunity to Sectarys to establish their opinions among 'em, and
thereby shake that happy establishment of the Church of England which
this colony enjoys with less mixture of Dissenters than any other of her
Maj'tie's plantations, and when once Schism has crept into the Church,
it will soon create faction in the Civil Government."

That Spot