ed her seat of government from Williamsburg to Richmond;
in 1790, South Carolina, from Charleston to Columbia; in 1791, North
Carolina, from Edenton to Raleigh; in 1797, New York, from New York City
to Albany; in 1799, Pennsylvania, from Philadelphia to Lancaster.

VIII. The democratic aspect of the new constitutions was also influenced
by the frontier as well as by the prevalent Revolutionary philosophy;
and the demands for paper money, stay and tender laws, etc., of this
period were strongest in the interior. It was this region that supported
Shays' Rebellion; it was (with some important exceptions) the same area
that resisted the ratification of the federal constitution, fearful of a
stronger government and of the loss of paper money.

IX. The interior later showed its opposition to the coast by the
persistent contest against slavery, carried on in the up-country of
Virginia, and North and South Carolina. Until the decade 1830-40, it was
not certain that both Virginia and North Carolina would not find some
means of gradual abolition. The same influence accounts for much of the
exodus of the Piedmont pioneers into Indiana and Illinois, in the first
half of the nineteenth century.[122:1]

X. These were the regions, also, in which were developed the desire of
the pioneers who crossed the mountains, and settled on the "Western
waters," to establish new States free from control by the lowlands,
owning their own lands, able to determine their own currency, and in
general to govern themselves in accordance with the ideals of the Old
West. They were ready also, if need be, to become independent of the Old
Thirteen. Vermont must be considered in this aspect, as well as Kentucky
and Tennessee.[122:2]

XI. The land system of the Old West furnished precedents which developed
into the land system of the trans-Alleghany West.[122:3] The squatters
of Pennsylvania and the Carolinas found it easy to repeat the operation
on another frontier. Preemption laws became established features. The
Revolution gave opportunity to confiscate the claims of Lord Fairfax,
Lord Granville, and McCulloh to their vast estates, as well as the
remaining lands of the Pennsylvania proprietors. The 640 acre (or one
square mile) unit of North Carolina for preemptions, and frontier land
bounties, became the area awarded to frontier stations by Virginia in
1779, and the "section" of the later federal land system. The Virginia
preemption right of four hundre