iser and Christian Post.

Like the Germans, the Scotch-Irish passed into the Shenandoah
Valley,[105:2] and on to the uplands of the South. In 1738 a delegation
of the Philadelphia Presbyterian synod was sent to the Virginia governor
and received assurances of security of religious freedom; the same
policy was followed by the Carolinas. By 1760 a zone of Scotch-Irish
Presbyterian churches extended from the frontiers of New England to the
frontiers of South Carolina. This zone combined in part with the German
zone, but in general Scotch-Irishmen tended to follow the valleys
farther toward the mountains, to be the outer edge of this frontier.
Along with this combined frontier stream were English, Welsh and Irish
Quakers, and French Huguenots.[105:3]

Among this moving mass, as it passed along the Valley into the Piedmont,
in the middle of the eighteenth century, were Daniel Boone, John Sevier,
James Robertson, and the ancestors of John C. Calhoun, Abraham Lincoln,
Jefferson Davis, Stonewall Jackson, James K. Polk, Sam Houston, and Davy
Crockett, while the father of Andrew Jackson came to the Carolina
Piedmont at the same time from the coast. Recalling that Thomas
Jefferson's home was on the frontier, at the edge of the Blue Ridge, we
perceive that these names represent the militant expansive movement in
American life. They foretell the settlement across the Alleghanies in
Kentucky and Tennessee; the Louisiana Purchase, and Lewis and Clark's
transcontinental exploration; the conquest of the Gulf Plains in the
War of 1812-15; the annexation of Texas; the acquisition of California
and the Spanish Southwest. They represent, too, frontier democracy in
its two aspects personified in Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln. It
was a democracy responsive to leadership, susceptible to waves of
emotion, of a "high religeous voltage"--quick and direct in action.

The volume of this Northern movement into the Southern uplands is
illustrated by the statement of Governor Tryon, of North Carolina, that
in the summer and winter of 1765 more than a thousand immigrant wagons
passed through Salisbury, in that colony.[106:1] Coming by families, or
groups of families or congregations, they often drove their herds with
them. Whereas in 1746 scarce a hundred fighting men were found in Orange
and the western counties of North Carolina, there were in 1753 fully
three thousand, in addition to over a thousand Scotch in the Cumberland;
and they covered