and are three times as
numerous as those from New England.

The elements that have contributed to the civilization of this region
are therefore well worth consideration. To know the States that make up
the Old Northwest--Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin--one
must understand their social origins.

Eldest in this sisterhood was Ohio. New England gave the formative
impulses to this State by the part which the Ohio Company played in
securing the Ordinance of 1787, and at Marietta and Cleveland
Massachusetts and Connecticut planted enduring centers of Puritan
influence. During the same period New Jersey and Pennsylvania sent their
colonists to the Symmes Purchase, in which Cincinnati was the
rallying-point, while Virginians sought the Military Bounty Lands in the
region of Chillicothe. The Middle States and the South, with their
democratic ideas, constituted the dominant element in Ohio politics in
the early part of her history. This dominance is shown by the nativity
of the members of the Ohio legislature elected in 1820: New England
furnished nine Senators and sixteen Representatives, chiefly from
Connecticut; New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, seventeen Senators
and twenty-one Representatives, mostly from Pennsylvania; while the
South furnished nine Senators and twenty-seven Representatives, of whom
the majority came from Virginia. Five of the Representatives were native
of Ireland, presumably Scotch-Irishmen. In the Ohio Senate, therefore,
the Middle States had as many representatives as had New England and the
South together, while the Southern men slightly outnumbered the Middle
States men in the Assembly. Together, the emigrants from the Democratic
South and Middle Region outnumbered the Federalist New Englanders three
to one. Although Ohio is popularly considered a child of New England, it
is clear that in these formative years of her statehood the commonwealth
was dominated by other forces.

By the close of this early period, in 1820, the settlement in Ohio had
covered more or less fully all except the northwest corner of the State,
and Indiana's formative period was well started. Here, as in Ohio,
there was a large Southern element. But while the Southern stream that
flowed into Ohio had its sources in Virginia, the main current that
sought Indiana came from North Carolina; and these settlers were for the
most part from the humbler classes. In the settlement of Indiana from
the South two sep