mong the Conservatives: Stahl and Disraeli_

BUT Jews were not altogether unrepresented among the Conservative
forces, counting indeed two of the chief leaders, F. J. Stahl in
Prussia and Benjamin Disraeli in England. Disraeli's is the better
known name, but it is probable Stahl was equally influential. Stahl is
described by Sir A. W. Ward in the Cambridge Modern History, xi. 395,
as "the intellectual leader of the conservative aristocratic party and
the most remarkable brain in the Upper Chamber. . . . He largely supplied
the ruling party with the learning and wealth of ideas on which to
found their claims. Their organ was the _Kreuzzeitung_, and the party
was called by its name." Bluntschli calls him, "after Hegel the most
important representative of the philosophical theory of the State. He,
in many ways, advanced political science by his dialectical and
critical ability in founding new points of view." (_The Theory of the
State_, p. 73). But Stahl's historic influence will probably rest on
his connection with Bismarck at the formative period of his career,
when the future chancellor was also a member of the _Kreuzzeitung_
party.

Disraeli's career and influence is far better known and need not be
further adverted to in this place. The fact that both were converts
has little significance from our present point of view, since many of
the Jewish leaders on the Liberal side had also adopted Christianity.
It is more pertinent to remark that one cannot trace their
conservatism to their Judaism since there was everything in the Jewish
position of their time to range Jews on the Liberal side. Stahl and
Disraeli are, therefore, to be regarded merely as examples of Jewish
ability. There is nothing specifically Jewish in their influence
unless we regard the socialistic strain in Disraeli's conception of
"Young England" as a part of the Jewish sympathy with the "under dog,"
which can be attributed to their own experiences and to the traditions
of the Prophets.

_The Contribution of the Jews to Socialism_

CERTAINLY we find a strong Jewish participation throughout the
socialistic movement which, from its inception up to the present day,
has been largely dominated by Jewish influences. Although modern
socialism can be traced back to St. Simon, the whole movement would
have collapsed at the death of the master but for the organizing
ability of Olinde Rodrigues and the religious enthusiasm of his
brother Eugene. A practical