h gamblers, saloonkeepers, and horse-thieves, this man and
his kind plot the removal of the Indian from his fertile acres. They
harass him in every way, and having at last forced resistance upon him,
they loudly cry: "Indian outbreak! Send us troops! Annihilate the
savages!"

OSCEOLA AND THE SEMINOLES

The principal causes of Indian troubles in the South were, first, the
encroachments of this class of settlers; second, the hospitable
willingness of the Indians to shelter fugitive slaves. Many of these
people had found an Elysium among the Creeks and Seminoles, and had even
intermarried among them, their offspring becoming members of the tribe.
Osceola's wife was of this class--a beautiful Indian woman with some
negro and some white blood. She was dragged away from him by unholy
traffickers in human flesh, and he was arrested for remonstrating. Who
could tolerate such an outrage? The great chief was then a young man and
comparatively unknown; but within one year he became the recognized
leader of his tribe and the champion of their cause. The country was
perfectly suited to the guerilla warfare which is characteristic of
Indians--a country in which even an Indian of another tribe would be
lost! White frontiersmen were imported to guide the army, but according
to the testimony of Beckworth, the Rocky Mountain hunter and trapper,
all gave up in disgust. The Government was forced to resort to pacific
measures in order to get the Seminoles in its power, and eventually most
of them were removed to the Indian Territory. There was one small band
which persistently refused the offered terms, and still remains in the
fastnesses of the Florida Everglades, perhaps the only unconquered band
in the United States to-day.

While the Southern tribes were deported almost in a body to what was
then the far West, the wars of the Algonquins, along the Great Lakes and
the Ohio River, scattered them far and wide in fragments. Such of the
Iroquois as had strong treaties with the Dutch colony secured permanent
reservations in the State of New York which they still occupy, having
been continuously under state control instead of that of the general
government.

CHIEF JOSEPH'S REASONING

The Black Hawk war in 1836 was the end of the Algonquin resistance.
Surely if there was ever just cause for resistance, Black Hawk had such
a cause. His case was exactly similar to that of the famous Nez Perce,
Chief Joseph, who illustrates his grievance