h century, and was carried partially into effect. Indian
Territory was set apart as a permanent home for the tribes, and the
Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles were removed
thither from the Southeastern States. After a terrible journey, in which
many died of disease and exhaustion, and one boatload sank in the
Mississippi River, those who were left established themselves in the
"Promised Land," a country rich in natural resources. They soon saw the
necessity of a stable government and of domestic and agricultural
pursuits. They copied the form of their government after that of the
States, and the trust funds arising from the sale of their eastern lands
formed the basis of their finances. They founded churches, schools, and
orphan asylums, and upon the whole succeeded remarkably well in their
undertaking, although their policy of admitting intermarried whites and
negroes to citizenship in the tribe led to much political corruption.
Gradually some forty tribes, or tribal remnants, were colonized in the
Territory; but this scheme failed in many instances, as some tribes
(such as the Sioux) refused absolutely to go there, and others who went
suffered severely from the change of climate. In 1890 the western part
was made into a separate territory under the name of Oklahoma and
colonized by whites; and in 1907 the entire territory was admitted to
statehood under that name, the "Five Civilized Nations," so-called,
having been induced to give up their tribal governments.

The Indians of the Southwest came in, in 1848, under the treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, although with some of them other treaties have been
made and their lands added to by executive order. The Navajoes, about
twenty-two thousand in number, now own more than twelve million acres in
Arizona and New Mexico. They are sheep-herders and blanket-weavers, and
are entirely self-supporting. Owing to the character of the land they
occupy, and the absence of sufficient water for irrigation, there is not
enough grass on the reservation to support all the Indian stock.
Therefore 5,000 or more Navajoes are living outside the reservation, on
the public domain; and of these, according to Indian Office statements,
about 1,000 are unallotted, and under the present law can only be
allotted as are white homesteaders, by paying the costs of survey and
fees to the land office.

The Pueblos hold their lands (about 1,000,000 acres) under Spanish
grants, and are in