ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

A Greek Galley, about 500 B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
From a Vase-painting.

Jerusalem, the Centre of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
From the Hereford Map of the World, 13th century.

A Merchant-Ship of Athens, about 500 B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
From a Vase-painting.

The Coast of Africa, after Ptolemy (Mercator's Edition), showing
Hanno's Voyage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

A Sketch Map of Alexander's Chief Exploratory Marches from Athens
to Hyderabad and Gaza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Alexandria in Pizzigani's Map, 14th century . . . . . . . . . . . 44

North Britain and the Island of Thule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
From MERCATOR'S edition of Ptolemy's Map.

A Portion of an old Roman Map of the World, showing the roads
through the Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
From the Peutinger Table.

The World-Island according to Strabo, 18 A.D. . . . . . . . . . . 65

Hull of a Roman Merchant-Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
From a Roman model at Greenwich.

A Roman Galley, about 110 A.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
From Trajan's Column at Rome.

The First Stages of a Mediaeval Pilgrimage, London to Dover . . . 78
From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S _Itinerary_, 13th century.

Jerusalem and the East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S _Itinerary_, 13th century.

Ireland and St. Brandon's Isle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
From the Catalan Map, 1375.

The Mysterious Isle of St. Brandon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
From MARTIN BEHAIM'S Map, 1492.

The World-Map of Cosmas, 6th century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
The oldest Christian Map.

The Mountain of Cosmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

A Viking Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
From Professor MONTELIUS'S book on Scandinavian archaeology.

A Khalif on his Throne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
From the Ancona Map, 1497.

A Chinese Emperor giving Audience, 9th century . . . . . . . . . 100
From an old Chinese MS. at Paris.

The Scene of Sindbad's Voyages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
From EDRISI'S Map, 1154.

Sindbad's Giant Roc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
From