nce directly south of Rome, on the coast, was
Lavinium, and east-northeast of Rome was Tibur. Neighboring to Alba
Longa were Tusculum and the Alban Lake. The Pomptine Marshes were near
the coast, in the southern part of Latium. Lake Regillus was near Rome.

In Etruria were Florentia, Faesulae, Pisae, Arretium, Volaterrae,
Clusium, and Tarquinii; also Lake Trasimenus. In Campania were Capua,
Neapolis (Naples), Cumae, Baiae, a watering place, Herculaneum, Pompeii,
Caudium, Salernum, Casilinum, and Nola. The famous volcano of Vesuvius
was here, and also Lake Avernus.

In Umbria, on the coast, were Ariminum and Pisaurum; in the interior
were Sentinum and Camerinum. The river Metaurus, noted for the defeat of
Hasdrubal, was likewise in Umbria.

In Picenum was Ancona. In Samnium were Cures and Beneventum.

SOUTHERN ITALY included APULIA and CALABRIA on the Adriatic, LUCANIA and
BRUTTUM on the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Apulia is the most level of the countries south of the Rubicon. Its
only stream is the Aufidus, on the bank of which at Cannae was fought a
famous battle. Arpi, Asculum, and Canusium are interior towns.

In Calabria (or Iapygia) were the cities of Brundisium and Tarentum.

The chief towns in Lucania and Bruttium were settled by the Greeks.
Among them were Heraclea, Metapontum, Sybaris, and Thurii, in Lucania;
and Croton, Locri, and Rhegium, in Bruttium.

The islands near Italy were important. SICILY, with an area of about
10,000 square miles, and triangular in shape, was often called by the
poets TRINACRIA (with three promontories). The island contained many
important cities, most of which were of Greek origin. Among these were
Syracuse, Agrigentum, Messana, Catana, Camarina, Gela, Selinus, Egesta
(or Segesta), Panormus, Leontini, and Enna. There are many mountains,
the chief of which is Aetna.

SARDINIA is nearly as large as Sicily. CORSICA is considerably smaller.
ILVA (Elba) is between Corsica and the mainland. IGILIUM is off Etruria;
CAPREAE is in the Bay of Naples; STRONGYLE (Stromboli) and LIPARA are
north of Sicily, and the AEGATES INSULAE are west of it.

CHAPTER II. THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF ITALY.

So far as we know, the early inhabitants of Italy were divided into
three races, the IAPYGIAN, ETRUSCAN, and ITALIAN. The IAPYGIANS were the
first to settle in Italy. They probably came from the north, and were
pushed south by later immigrations, until they were crowded into the
southeastern corner