99-101, ii. 26, 28-30; (Crossley's _Golden Sayings of
Epictetus_, Nos. 37, 125, 132, 134).

[986] Arnobius, _adv. Nationes_, i. 3.

[987] _Ib._ ii. 6.

[988] Tertull., _ad Martyr._ c. 3. Cp. _de Corona
Militiae_, c. 11.

[989] It is curious that the word _sacerdos_ did not
find its way into the Christian vocabulary. Apparently
it had its chance; for Tertullian uses it in several
ways, _e.g._, "summus sacerdos" for a bishop (_de Bapt._
17; "disciplina sacerdotalis," _de Monog._ 7. 12; and
for other examples see Harnack, _Entstehung und
Entwickelung der Kirchenverfassung und des Kirchenrechts
in den zwei ersten Jahrhunderten_, 1910, p. 85). But the
words finally adopted for the grades of the priesthood
were Greek: bishop, priest, and deacon. Nevertheless,
the general word for the priesthood, as distinguished
from the laity, is Latin (_ordo_); hence "ordination"
and holy "orders." It is not of religious origin, but
taken from the language of municipal life, _ordo et
plebs_ being contrasted just as they were contrasted in
_municipia_ as senate (_decuriones_) and all
non-official persons. See Harnack, _op. cit._ p. 82.

[990] This is, of course, in one light, the legitimate
development of the union of religion and morality in the
Hebrew mind. "For the Israelite morality, righteousness,
is simply doing the will of God, which from the earliest
age is assumed to be ascertainable, and indeed
ascertained. The Law in its simplest form was at once
the rule of morality and the revealed will of God." "The
central feature of O.T. morality is its religious
character" (Alexander, _Ethics of St. Paul_, p. 34). In
the religious system we have been occupied with,
religion can only be reckoned as one of the factors in
the growth of morality; it supplied the sanction for
some acts of righteousness, but (in historical times at
least) by no means for all.

Prof. Gwatkin, in his _Early Church History_, vol. i. p.
54, states the relation of early Christianity to
morality thus: "Christ's person, not His teaching, is
the message of the Gospel. If we know anything for
certain about Jesus of Nazareth, it is that He steadily
claimed to be the Son of God, the Redeemer of mankind,
and the ruler of the world to come, and by that claim
the Gospel stands or falls. The