illions will soon say, 'When I was a
slave, I spake as a slave, I understood as a slave, I thought as
a slave; but when I became a free man I put away slavish
things.'"

FRED LANDON

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Williams, G. W., _History of the Negro Race in America_, N. Y.,
1883, Vol. II, p. 58.

[2] See _The Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an
American Slave, written by himself, with an introduction by Lucius
Matlack_, New York, 1849. I am indebted to the Brooklyn Public Library
for the loan of this book.

[3] Compare with this description of a New Orleans slave pen the
descriptions of Richmond auctions by W. H. Russell, _My Diary North
and South_, N. Y., 1863, page 68, and William Chambers, _Things as
they are in America_, London, 1854, pages 273-286.

[4] He says that his object in going to Detroit was to get some
schooling. He was unable to meet the expense, however, and as he puts
it: "I graduated in three weeks and this was all the schooling I ever
had in my life." His teacher for this brief period was W. C. Monroe
who afterwards presided at John Brown's Chatham Convention in May,
1858.

[5] See Smith, _Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest_, New
York, 1897.

[6] See _The Journal of Negro History_, Vol. V, No. 1, January, 1920,
pp. 22-36.

[7] This plan was recommended by a convention of colored people held
at Sandwich, C. W., early in 1851. See _The Voice of the Fugitive_,
March 12, 1851. A file of this paper for 1851-2 is in the library of
the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.

[8] _The Voice of the Fugitive_, June 4, 1851.

[9] _The Voice of the Fugitive_, Nov. 19, 1851.

[10] _Ibid._, Jan. 29, 1852. See also _The Liberator_, June 11, 1852.

[11] _Ibid._, _The Refugee, or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in
Canada related by themselves_, Boston. 1856, pp. 323-326.

[12] Hairland, _A Woman's Life Work_, Grand Rapids, 1881, p. 192.

[13] Mitchell, _Underground Railroad_, London, 1860, pp. 142-149.

[14] Howe, _The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Report to the
Freedmen's Inquiry Commission_, Boston, 1864. The Freedmen's Inquiry
Commission was instituted by Stanton in 1863 to consider what should
be done for slaves already freed. The members of the Commission were
Dr. Samuel G. Howe, Robert Dale Owen and James Mackay.

MYRTILLA MINER

A century ago it was generally conceded that a person unfitted