problem. Thus the reasoning might seem to run as follows:

Problem: What will remove this stain?
Principle: Gasoline will remove stains.
Conclusion: Gasoline will remove this stain.

Here the middle term of the syllogism seems to disappear. It is to be
noted, however, that our thought changes from the universal idea
"stains," mentioned in the statement of the principle, to the particular
idea "this stain" mentioned in the problem and in the conclusion. But
this implies a middle term, which could be expressed thus:

Gasoline will remove stains;
This is a stain;
.'. Gasoline will remove _this_.

The syllogism is valuable, therefore, because it displays fully and
clearly each element in the reasoning process, and thus assures the
validity of the conclusion.

=Deduction in School Recitation.=--It will be recalled from what was
noted in our study of general method, that deduction usually plays an
important part during an ordinary developing lesson. In the step of
preparation, when the pupil is given a particular example in order to
recall old knowledge, the example suggests a problem which is intended
to call up certain principles which are designed to be used during the
presentation. In a lesson on the "Conjunctive Pronoun," for instance, if
we have the pupil recall his knowledge of the conjunction by examining
the particular word "if" in such a sentence as, "I shall go if they
come," he interprets the word as a conjunction simply because he
possesses a general rule applicable to it, or is able to go through a
process of deduction. In the presentation also, when the pupil is called
on to examine the word _who_ in such a sentence as, "The man who met us
is very old," and decides that it is both a conjunction and a pronoun,
he is again making deductions, since it is by his general knowledge of
conjunctions and pronouns that he is able to interpret the two functions
of the particular word _who_. Finally, as already noted, the application
of an ordinary recitation frequently involves deductive processes.

INDUCTION

=Nature of Induction.=--Induction is described as a process of reasoning
in which the mind arrives at a conclusion by an examination of
particular cases, or judgments. A further distinguishing feature of the
inductive process is that, while the known judgments are particular in
character, the conclusion is accepted as a general law, or truth. As in
deduction, the reasoning process aris