fending pupil. His heart beats rapidly,
the blood surges to his face, his breathing becomes heavy, his muscles
grow tense. In these reactions we have the nervous currents passing out
over involuntary channels. Then, perhaps, the teacher unfortunately
breaks forth into a torrent of words or lays violent hands upon the
offender. Here the nervous currents are passing outward over the
voluntary system.

These illustrations indicate that three important conditions are present
at the appearance of the emotion, namely, (1) the presence of an
unusual object in consciousness, (2) the consequent disturbance of the
smooth flow of experience or, in physiological terms, the temporary
obstruction of the ordinary pathways of nervous discharge through the
great resistance encountered, and (3) the new feeling state with its
concomitant overflow of the impulses into new motor channels, some of
which lead to the involuntary muscles and others to the voluntary. The
emotion proper consists in the feeling state which arises as a result of
the resistance encountered by the nervous impulses as the smooth flow of
experience is checked. The idea that I shall die some day arouses no
emotion in me, because it in no way affects my ordinary thought
processes, and therefore it in no way disturbs my nervous equilibrium.
The perception of a wild animal about to kill me, because it suddenly
thwarts and impedes the smooth flow of my experience through a
suggestion of danger, produces an intense feeling and a diffused and
intense derangement of the nervous equilibrium.

=Development of Emotions.=--The question of paramount importance
in connection with emotion is how to arouse and develop desirable
emotions. The close connection of the three phases of the mind's
manifestation--knowing, feeling, and willing, gives the key to the
question. Feeling cannot be developed alone apart from knowing and
willing. In fact, if we attend carefully to the knowing and willing
activities, the feelings, in one sense, take care of themselves. Two
principles, therefore, lie at the basis of proper emotional development:

1. The mind must be allowed to dwell upon only those ideas to which
worthy emotions are attached. We must refuse to think those thoughts
that are tinged with unworthy feelings. The Apostle Paul has expressed
this very eloquently when he says in his Epistle to the Philippians:
"Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are
honest, wha