in our feeling states, we
learn to seek states of pleasure and to avoid states of pain or, in
other words, our mere states of feeling become desires. This means that
we become able to contrast a present feeling with other remembered
states, and seek either to continue the present desired state or to
substitute another for the present undesirable feeling. In the form of
desire, therefore, our feelings become strong motives, which may
influence the will to certain lines of action.

SENSUOUS FEELINGS

While the sensations of the special senses, namely, sight, sound, touch,
taste, and smell, have each their affective, or feeling, side, a minute
study of these feelings is not necessary for our present purpose. It may
be noted, however, that in the more intellectual senses, namely, sight,
hearing, and touch, feeling tone is less marked, although strong feeling
may accompany certain tactile sensations. In the lower senses of taste
and smell, the feeling tone is more pronounced. Under muscular sensation
we meet such marked feeling tones as fatigue, exertion, and strain,
while associated with the organic sensations are such feelings as hunger
and thirst, and the various pains which usually accompany derangement
and disease of the bodily organs. Some of these feelings are important,
because they are likely to influence the will by developing into desires
in the form of appetites. Many sensuous feelings are important also
because they especially warn the mind regarding the condition of the
organism.

EMOTION

=Nature of Emotion.=--An emotion differs from sensuous feeling, not in
its content, but in its higher intensity, its greater complexity, and
its more elaborate motor response. It may be defined as a succession of
interconnected feelings with a more complex physical expression than a
simple feeling. On reading an account of a battle, one may feel sad and
express this sadness only in a gloomy appearance of the face. But if
one finds that in this battle a friend has been killed, the feeling is
much intensified and may become an emotion of grief, expressing itself
in some complex way, perhaps in tears, in sobbing, in wringing the
hands. Similarly, a feeling of slight irritation expressed in a frowning
face, if intensified, becomes the emotion of anger, expressed in tense
muscles, rapidly beating heart, laboured breathing, perhaps a torrent of
words or a hasty blow.

=Emotion and Instinct.=--Feeling and instinct are clos