ea is finished, in the conclusion of his
speech, he recapitulates, showing that he has proved these things. A
minister, a political candidate, a business man, a social worker--in
fact, every speaker will find such a clear-cut listing an informative,
convincing manner of constructing a conclusion. This extract shows a
clear, direct, simple recapitulation.

To recapitulate what has been said, we maintain, first, that
the Constitution, by its grants to Congress and its
prohibitions on the states, has sought to establish one
uniform standard of value, or medium of payment. Second,
that, by like means, it has endeavored to provide for one
uniform mode of discharging debts, when they are to be
discharged without payment. Third, that these objects are
connected, and that the first loses much of its importance,
if the last, also, be not accomplished. Fourth, that, reading
the grant to Congress and the prohibition on the States
together, the inference is strong that the Constitution
intended to confer an exclusive power to pass bankrupt laws
on Congress. Fifth, that the prohibition in the tenth section
reaches to all contracts, existing or future, in the same way
that the other prohibition, in the same section, extends to
all debts, existing or future. Sixth, that, upon any other
construction, one great political object of the Constitution
will fail of its accomplishment.

DANIEL WEBSTER: _Ogden vs. Saunders_, 1827

The Summary. The second kind--a summary--does somewhat the same thing
that the recapitulation does, but it effects it in a different matter.
Note that the recapitulation _repeats_ the main headings of the
speech; it usually uses the same or similar phrasing.

The summary does not do this. The summary condenses the entire
material of the speech, so that it is presented to the audience in
shortened, general statements, sufficient to recall to them what the
speaker has already presented, without actually repeating his previous
statements. This kind of conclusion is perhaps more usual than the
preceding one. It is known by a variety of terms--summing up, resume,
epitome, review, precis, condensation.

In the first of the subjoined illustrations notice that the words
"possible modes" contain practically all the speech itself. So the
four words at the end, "faction, corruption, anarchy, and despotism,"
hold a great deal of the latter part of