the speech. These expressions
do not repeat the heads of divisions; they condense long passages. The
extract is a summary.

I have thus presented all possible modes in which a
government founded upon the will of an absolute majority will
be modified; and have demonstrated that, in all its forms,
whether in a majority of the people, as in a mere democracy,
or in a majority of their representatives, without a
constitution, to be interpreted as the will of the majority,
the result will be the same: two hostile interests will
inevitably be created by the action of the government, to be
followed by hostile legislation, and that by faction,
corruption, anarchy, and despotism.

JOHN C. CALHOUN: _Speech on the Force Bill, 1833_

From the following pick out the expressions which summarize long
passages of the preceding speech. Amplify them to indicate what they
might cover.

I firmly believe in my countrymen, and therefore I believe
that the chief thing necessary in order that they shall work
together is that they shall know one another--that the
Northerner shall know the Southerner, and the man of one
occupation know the man of another occupation; the man who
works in one walk of life know the man who works in another
walk of life, so that we may realize that the things which
divide us are superficial, are unimportant, and that we are,
and must ever be, knit together into one indissoluble mass by
our common American brotherhood.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT at Chattanooga, 1902

The Peroration. A peroration is a conclusion which--whatever may be
its material and treatment--has an appeal to the feelings, to the
emotions. It strives to move the audience to act, to arouse them to an
expression of their wills, to stir them to deeds. It usually comes at
the end of a speech of persuasion. It appeals to sentiments of right,
justice, humanity, religion. It seldom merely concludes a speech; it
looks forward to some such definite action as casting a vote, joining
an organization or movement, contributing money, going out on strike,
returning to work, pledging support, signing a petition.

These purposes suggest its material. It is usually a direct appeal,
personal and collective, to all the hearers. Intense in feeling,
tinged with emotion, it justifies itself by its sincerity and honesty
alone. Its apparent success is not the measure of its merit. T