thenticating the Usurping Legislature,
etc.

CHARLES SUMNER: _The Crime against Kansas_, 1856

The beginning speaker should not hesitate to make his transitions
perfectly clear to his audience. When they add to the merely bridging
use the additional value of serving as short summaries of what has
gone before and as sign posts of what is to follow, they are trebly
serviceable. The attempt to be clear will seldom be waste of time or
effort. The obvious statements of the preceding selections, the use of
figures, are excellent models for speakers to imitate. With practice
will come skill in making transitions of different kinds, in which the
same purposes will be served in various other ways, in what may be
considered more finished style. The next extracts represent this kind
of transition.

Sir, like most questions of civil prudence, this is neither
black nor white, but gray. The system of copyright has great
advantages and great disadvantages; and it is our business to
ascertain what these are, and then to make an arrangement
under which the advantages may be as far as possible secured,
and the disadvantages as far as possible excluded. The charge
which I bring against my honorable and learned friend's bill
is this, that it leaves the advantages nearly what they are
at present, and increases the disadvantages at least
fourfold.

THOMAS B. MACAULAY: _Copyright Bill_, 1841

One-third of the population of the South is of the Negro
race. No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral
welfare of this section can disregard this element of our
population and reach the highest success. I but convey to
you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses
of my race when I say that in no way have the value and
manhood of the American Negro been more fittingly and
generously recognized than by the managers of this
magnificent Exposition at every stage of its progress. It is
a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of
the two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our
freedom.

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON in a speech at the Atlanta
Exposition, 1895

Thinking before You Speak. While students may feel that the steps
outlined here demand a great deal of preparation before the final
speech is delivered, the explanation may be given that after all, this
careful preparation merely carries out t