ophy will
grasp the scheme of the universe without losing himself in the
confusion of details; he will scale the heights of science (the
encircling mountain of Kaf) without being held back by worldly
entanglements.

[37] The pole surrounded by darkness signifies the soul of man
which, though intended to govern the body, is without any power
to attain truth unless guided by divine grace, but then it will
emerge into the full light and attain the end for which it was
created.

[38] Koran, c. 18, v. 84. The "miry sea" indicates _Matter_
stirred into life by the setting sun (Form), entering at every
moment into union with some new form, birth and death and ebb and
flow proceeding in ceaseless change.

[39] In the kingdom of _Form_ at first nothing is found but the
four elements mingled with each other, developed successively
through mineral, vegetable and animal stages. After the last is
found pure intellect struggling with powerful opponents, that is
to say, the various human faculties. "The flying horn" signifies
imaginitive faculties; "the marching horn" the passions, the
fierce animal representing irascibility, and the gross one,
concupiscence. "The flying horn," irregulated imagination, is in
need of constant supervision by the human soul. The watchman is
the perceptive faculty, which, gathering the various impressions
of the five senses, conveys them to the King, the human soul.

[40] c.f. the Logos of Philo.

[41] c.f. Lowell

"Perhaps the _longing_ to be so,
Helps make the soul immortal."

[42] The existence of the soul, though not manifest to the
senses, is yet too manifest to leave any doubt.

[43] The tattered vest of the soul or the body destroyed by death
is not mended till the day of resurrection; and yet the soul is
in heaven and in the enjoyment of all knowledge.

CHAPTER XI

AL GHAZZALI
(AD 1058--1111)

Al Ghazzali is one of the deepest thinkers, greatest theologians and
profoundest moralists of Islam. In all Muhammadan lands he is celebrated
both as an apologist of orthodoxy and a warm advocate of Sufi mysticism.
Intimately acquainted with all the learning of his time, he was not only
one of the numerous oriental philosophers who traverse every sphere of
intellectual activity, but one of those rarer minds whose originality is
not crushed by their learning. He was imbued