icial determination.[26]

Notes

[1] II Madison, Journal of Debates in the Constitutional Convention,
385-386 (Hunt's ed., 1908).

[2] Cong. Globe, 1263 (1861).

[3] Ames, Herman V., Proposed Amendments to the Constitution, 363
(1896).

[4] Rhode Island _v._ Palmer, 253 U.S. 350, 386 (1920).

[5] Leser _v._ Garnett, 258 U.S. 130 (1922).

[6] Annals of Congress 433-436 (1789).

[7] Ibid. 717.

[8] Ibid. 430.

[9] Rhode Island _v._ Palmer, 253 U.S. 350, 386 (1920).

[10] Ibid.

[11] Hollingsworth _v._ Virginia, 3 Dall. 378 (1798).

[12] 256 U.S. 368, 375 (1921).

[13] 307 U.S. 433 (1939).

[14] 256 U.S. 368, 375 (1921).

[15] 282 U.S. 716 (1931).

[16] Hawke _v._ Smith, 253 U.S. 221, 231 (1920).

[17] Leser _v._ Garnett, 258 U.S. 130, 137 (1922).

[18] Leser _v._ Garnett, 258 U.S. 130, 137 (1922).

[19] 64 Stat. 979 (1950).

[20] 256 U.S. 368, 376 (1921).

[21] Leser _v._ Garnett, 258 U.S. 130 (1922).

[22] 307 U.S. 433 (1939). _Cf._ Fairchild _v._ Hughes, 258 U.S. 126
(1922), wherein the Court held that a private citizen could not sue in
the federal courts to secure an indirect determination of the validity
of a constitutional amendment about to be adopted.

[23] 307 U.S. 433, 459 (1939).

[24] Ibid. 446, 447.

[25] Ibid. 450, 456.

[26] Chandler _v._ Wise, 307 U.S. 474 (1939).

ARTICLE VI

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Page
Clause 1. Validity of debts and engagements 721
Clause 2. Supremacy of the Constitution, etc. 721
National supremacy 721
Marshall's interpretation of the clause 721
Supremacy Clause versus Tenth Amendment 722
Status of the issue today 723
Task of the Supreme Court under the clause 724
Federal instrumentalities and the State police power 725
Obligation of State courts under the Supremacy Clause 726
Immunity of the federal judicial process 727
Effect of laws passed by States in insurrection 728
Doctrine of tax exemption 728
McCulloch _v._ Maryland 728
Applicability of doctrine in re federal securities, etc. 729
Taxability of government contracto