[1228] II Story, Commentaries, Sec. 1187 (4th ed. 1873).

[1229] 25 Op. Atty. Gen. 105, 108 (1904).

[1230] 40 Op. Atty. Gen. 555 (1948).

[1231] 61 Stat. 405 (1947).

[1232] H.J. Res. 298, 80th Cong., 2d sess. (1948).

[1233] Selective Draft Law Cases, 245 U.S. 366, 380 (1918); Cox _v._
Wood, 247 U.S. 3 (1918).

[1234] 245 U.S. at 385.

[1235] Ibid. 386-388. The measure was upheld by a State court, Kneedler
_v._ Lane, 45 Pa. 238 (1863).

[1236] Selective Draft Law Cases, 245 U.S. 366, 381, 382 (1918)

[1237] Butler _v._ Perry, 240 U.S. 328, 333 (1916).

[1238] 245 U.S. 366 (1918).

[1239] Ibid. 390.

[1240] United States _v._ Williams, 302 U.S. 46 (1937). _See also_ In re
Grimley, 137 U.S. 147, 153 (1890); In re Morrissey, 137 U.S. 157 (1890).

[1241] Wissner _v._ Wissner, 338 U.S. 655, 660 (1950).

[1242] McKinley _v._ United States, 249 U.S. 397 (1919).

[1243] Dynes _v._ Hoover, 20 How. 65, 79 (1858).

[1244] Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall. 2, 123, 138-139 (1866). Ex parte
Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, 40 (1942).

[1245] Wade _v._ Hunter, 336 U.S. 684, 687 (1949).

[1246] Dynes _v._ Hoover, 20 How. 65, 82 (1858).

[1247] Swaim _v._ United States, 165 U.S. 553 (1897); Carter _v._
Roberts, 177 U.S. 496 (1900); Hiatt _v._ Brown, 339 U.S. 103 (1950).

[1248] Mullan _v._ United States, 212 U.S. 516 (1909); Smith _v._
Whitney, 116 U.S. 167, 177 (1886); Hiatt _v._ Brown, 339 U.S. 103
(1950).

[1249] Clark, Emergency Legislation Passed Prior to December 1917, 211
(1918).

[1250] Ibid. 214

[1251] Ibid. 250, 332, 380, 438, 497.

[1252] Ibid. 420, 466, 535, 595, 636, 823. Many of these were soon
suspended or repealed. Ibid. 458, 553, 601, 733.

[1253] Ibid. 482, 543, 963, 969.

[1254] Ibid. 916.

[1255] Ibid. 280.

[1256] Hepburn _v._ Griswold, 8 Wall. 603, 617 (1870).

[1257] Ibid. 626.

[1258] Knox _v._ Lee (Legal Tender Cases), 12 Wall. 457, 540 (1871).

[1259] 40 Stat. 276 (1917).

[1260] Ibid. 272.

[1261] Ibid. 411.

[1262] Ibid. 451 (1918).

[1263] Ibid. 904.

[1264] 55 Stat. 236 (1941).

[1265] 56 Stat. 176 (1942).

[1266] Ibid. 23.

[1267] 57 Stat. 163 (1943).

[1268] Lichter _v._ United States, 334 U.S. 742, 754-756, 765, 766
(1948). _See also_ United States _v._ Bethlehem Steel Corp., 315 U.S.
289, 305 (1942); Clallam County _v._ United States, 263 U.S. 341 (1923);
Sloan Shipyards _v._ United States Fleet Corp., 258 U.S. 549 (1922).

[1269] Lichter _v._ United States, 3