481
President as law interpreter 481
Military power in law enforcement: the posse comitatus 482
Suspension of Habeas Corpus by President 484
Preventive martial law 484
Debs case 484
Status of the Debs case, today 485
President's duty in cases of domestic violence 486
President as executive of the law of nations 486
Protection of American rights of person and property abroad 487
Presidential world policing 488
The Atlantic Pact 488
Presidential action in the domain of Congress: Steel
Seizure Case 489
Presidential immunity from judicial direction 499
President's subordinates and the courts 500
Section 4. Impeachment 501
Impeachment 501
"Civil" officer 501
"High crimes and misdemeanors" 502
Chase impeachment 502
Johnson impeachment 503
Later impeachments 503

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Article II

Section 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President
of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the
Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for
the same Term, be elected, as follows:

The Nature and Scope of Presidential Power

CONTEMPORARY SOURCE OF THE PRESIDENCY

The immediate source of article II was the New York constitution of
1777,[1] of which the relevant provisions are the following: "Art.
XVIII. * * * The governor * * * shall by virtue of his office, be
general and commander in chief of all the militia, and admiral of the
navy of this state; * * * he shall have power to convene the assembly
and senate on extraordinary occasions; to prorogue them from time to
time, provided such prorogations shall not exceed sixty days in the
space of any one year; and, at his discretion, to grant reprieves and
pardons to per