s 4.1, and
for fats 9.3 calories per gram. According to the method of deduction,
however, these factors were more applicable to digested than to total
nutrients. Atwater[8] and associates have deduced, from data much more
extensive than those available to Rubner, factors for total nutrients
somewhat lower than these, as shown in Table III. These estimates seem
to represent the best average factors at present available, but are
subject to revision as knowledge is extended.

TABLE IV.--_Quantities of Available Nutrients and Energy in Daily
Food Consumption of Persons in Different Circumstances._

+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------------------------+
| | | Nutrients and Energy |
| | Number | per Man per Day. | |
| | of +------+------+--------+---------+
| |Studies.| Pro- | Fat. |Carbohy-| Fuel |
| | | tein.| | drates.| Value. |
+------------------------------------------+--------+------+------+--------+---------+
| | | | | | |
| _Persons with Active Work._ | |Grams.|Grams.| Grams.|Calories.|
| English royal engineers | 1 | 132 | 79 | 612 | 3835 |
| Prussian machinists | 1 | 129 | 107 | 657 | 4265 |
| Swedish mechanics | 5 | 174 | 105 | 693 | 4590 |
| Bavarian lumbermen | 3 | 120 | 277 | 702 | 6015 |
| American lumbermen | 5 | 155 | 327 | 804 | 6745 |
| Japanese rice cleaner | 1 | 103 | 11 | 917 | 4415 |
| Japanese jinrikshaw runner | 1 | 137 | 22 | 1010 | 5050 |
| Chinese farm labourers in California | 1 | 132 | 90 | 621 | 3980 |
| American athletes | 19 | 178 | 192 | 525 | 4740 |
| American working-men's families | 13 | 156 | 226 | 694 | 5650 |
| | | | |