eon
Metaphrastes,[150] who flourished in the latter part of the ninth
century. A devoted iconodule, S. Andrew, came from his native island to
Constantinople, in the reign of Constantine Copronymus (740-775),
expressly to rebuke the emperor for opposing the use of eikons in
religious worship. As might have been anticipated, the zeal and courage
of the saint only incurred cruel and insulting treatment, and at length
a martyr's death. For, while his persecutors were dragging him one day
along the streets of the city in derision, a half-witted fisherman
stabbed him dead with a knife. So strong was the feeling prevalent at
the time against the champion of the cause of eikons that his body was
flung among the corpses of murderers and thieves; but eventually his
admirers succeeded in removing it from its foul surroundings and buried
it 'in a sacred place which was named Krisis' ([Greek: eis hena hieron
topon ho hopoios eponomazeto Krisis]).[151] It is evident from this
statement that the name Krisis was applied to the locality before the
interment of S. Andrew there; how long before, it is impossible to say,
but probably from early times. The body of the martyr was laid in or
beside one of the two churches dedicated to saints also named S. Andrew,
which stood on the Seventh Hill of the city already in the sixth
century.[152]

[Illustration: PLATE XXV.
(1) S. ANDREW IN KRISEI, FROM THE SOUTH-WEST.
(2) S. ANDREW IN KRISEI. THE INTERIOR, LOOKING SOUTH.
_To face page 108._]

NOTE

One of these churches was dedicated to S. Andrew the Apostle, and
stood 'near the column,' [Greek: plesion tou stylou];[153] the other
to S. Andrew, not otherwise identified, was near the Gate of
Saturninus, [Greek: plesion tes portas tou Satourninou].[154] It is
difficult to decide which church is represented by the mosque. For
there were two columns on the Seventh Hill of the city: the Column of
Constantine the Great, which stood outside the city bounds, giving
name to the extra-mural district of the Exokionion now Alti Mermer; and
the Column of Arcadius now Avret Tash. Nor can the position of the
Gate of Saturninus be determined more accurately than that it was an
entrance in the portion of the Constantinian Walls which traversed the
Seventh Hill, the Xerolophos of Byzantine days. On the whole, however,
the indications favour the view that Hoja Mustapha Pasha Mesjedi
represents the church of S. Andrew near