1. Preparation. Plant nuts well-spaced in rows in good soil, convenient
to irrigation, if needed. Clean nuts of good quality, previously
stratified, should be planted in winter. Plants are lifted before the
following spring and heeled in. For scions wood of 7-8 cm. is cut from
young, healthy and vigorous trees and passed to the grafter at the same
time as the roots, which have been previously lifted, washed and cut off
at the crown or a little below. Scion, bevelled, is set either in
English or cleft graft, tied with raffia or with a numbered wool strip,
waxed and potted in rich but light soil, moderately firmed around roots.
Pots are then set in some homogeneous material (waste tan-bark or
sawdust) and left in a moderately heated bed.

2. Care. Watering. Temperature of beds should be kept constant around
grafts and they should be watered every other day. Of course, grass and
mold should be prevented.

As soon as grafts begin to grow (usually around 15 days) the pots are
gradually removed from sawdust, and when plants have made 15-20 cm. of
growth (after 30-40 days) they are slowly hardened to air and sun,
replanted in well-shaded beds, properly watered and cared for until they
are set in nursery row.

3. Planting in nursery. The following spring they are set 60 cm. apart
in nursery rows 1 m. apart in well-manured and well-prepared plots.
Usual care during growth. With the 2nd year plants attain 1-1/4-1-1/2 m.
and it is not uncommon to discover a nut. The 3rd year they make 2-1/2
m. at least with 8-12 cm. of girth and are ready for transplanting to
permanent site.

4. Soils and situations. Mr. Treyves tells us that the walnut plantings
in "lower Gresivuaudan" are on old alluvium of the Isere Valley and in
limy marl soils of the upper slopes. A little farther away in Savoy, the walnut is
vigorous in Jurassic or clay limestone soils. The same is true in
Dordogne, in Correze, and in the Lot, where soils are of similar origin.

Walnuts are found at an average altitude of 600 m. but grow up to 1200
m. in Savoy, and particularly in Switzerland.

The best exposures are SW, W, and SE, sunny slopes, well protected from
the north wind and late frosts.

Mr. Treyves has personally some plantings of walnut in Sologne, (where
calcareous soils are lacking) and in Champagne, where the soils lack
lime. He has noted that these trees grow and fruit normally.

Cultivation. It is important to keep soil around isolated trees well
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