o which
the Northern Nut Growers Association belongs may become that
organization, but only when authorized by its membership.

Many readers may be familiar with earlier codes, as that adopted by the
American Pomological Society (which dates from 1847), that by the
American Society of Agronomists (formulated in 1917-18), and with a
third code adopted at the sessions of the Botanical Congress meeting in
Cambridge, England, in 1935. Knowing of the provisions of these codes,
you may ask, "What has the new one got that is different?" There are
many new features of which the more significant are given below.

Perhaps foremost is the recognition that, for the most part, the
so-called varieties of garden plants are not uniform in their behavior.
Some are nothing more than transplants of variations found in the wild,
such as the Japanese _Juglans Sieboldiana_ var. _cordiformis_, a
population having its own geographic range and distinguished from the
typical element of the species by several morphological characters. It
is a botanical variety that is cultivated. It is not a product of
domestication.

The code distinguishes from this botanical variety those so-called
varieties that are the result of domestication, variants that have been
produced in cultivation but are not known to occur and perpetuate
themselves in the wild, such as Schwedler's maple known as _Acer
Platanoides_ var. _Schwedleri_. Plants of this group, that may be grown
from seed and which do show a limited variability, are distinguished
from botanical varieties by placing them in a new category called
cultivar (a name coined long ago by L. H. Bailey and meaning, a variety
from cultivation). The abbreviation for the category is cv. Furthermore,
in an effort to differentiate cultivar names from botanical names, it is
provided that they be treated as are vernacular or fancy (common) names.
That is, that the name be placed in single quotes and not italicized
e.g., _Acer Platanoides_ cv. 'Schwedleri'.

A third category is that of clone. A clone is an individual propagated
not from seeds but by asexual means, as by grafting, budding, cuttings,
etc. Most so-called varieties of nuts are clones. A clone may be
selected from a species population, from a botanical variety, from a
cultivar, or from anyone of several types of hybrid complexes. It may
appear as a mutant of another clone. The name for it may, where there is
need for precision, be attached to the name of th