exclamation.

XLI. The dash is used to mark a faltering or hesitating speech.

Well--I don't know--that is--no, I cannot accept it.

XLII. An unexpected turn of the thought may be marked by the dash.

He entereth smiling and--embarrassed. He holdeth out his
hand to you to shake, and--draweth it back again. He
casually looketh in about dinner-time--when the table is
full. He offereth to go away, seeing you have company--but
is induced to stay.

French history tends naturally to memoirs and anecdotes, in
which there is no improvement to desire but that they
were--true.

XLIII. When the subject of a sentence is of such length, or of such
complexity, that its connexion with the verb might easily be lost
sight of, it is sometimes left hanging in the sentence, and its place
supplied by some short expression that sums it up. A dash follows the
subject when thus abandoned.

Physical Science, including Chemistry, Geology, Geography,
Astronomy; Metaphysics, Philology, Theology; Economics,
including Taxation and Finance; Politics and General
Literature--all occupied by turn, and almost simultaneously,
his incessantly active mind.

The colon is sometimes used in such cases; but the dash seems
preferable, as it is the point that marks a change in the structure of
a sentence.

XLIV. The dash is sometimes used instead of brackets before and after
a parenthesis.

This was amongst the strongest pledges for thy truth, that
never once--no, not for a moment of weakness--didst thou
revel in the vision of coronets and honour from man.

XLV. The dash is sometimes used instead of the colon, where the word
"namely" is implied, but is not expressed.

The most extreme example of such theories is perhaps to be
found in the attempt to distribute all law under the two
great commandments--love to God, and love to one's
neighbour.

In this sentence, however, the colon is preferable. (See Rule XXVI.).
The dash should be used for this purpose only when it is necessary to
use the colon in the same sentence for other purposes.

XLVI. The dash is used in rhetorical repetition; for instance, where
one part of the sentence, such as the subject, is repeated at
intervals throughout the sentence, and the rest of the sentence is
kept suspended.

Cannot you, in England--cannot you, at this time of
day--cannot you, a