37. What is _metonymy_? On what is it based? Illustrate. What is its
effect on style? What is _synecdoche_? Illustrate. What is
_exclamation_? Illustrate. What is _apostrophe_? To what is it closely
related? Illustrate. What is _vision_? Illustrate. What is _hyperbole_?
Give an example. What is said of the use of hyperbole?

38. What is _antithesis_? What is said of its use? Give an example. What
is _climax_? Give an illustration. What is _bathos_? Illustrate. What is
_interrogation_? Illustrate. What is _epigram_? How recognized?
Illustrate. What is _irony_? What is said of its use? Illustrate.

ILLUSTRATIVE AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES

The following passages should be studied in the light of such questions
as these:

What figure or figures does the piece contain? Is it
a figure of resemblance, contiguity, or contrast? Is
it a figure of diction or of thought? What is its
effect? Does it give force or beauty to the sentence?
How would the thought be expressed in plain language?
Is it used consistently? In what way does it
strengthen or weaken the sentence? Is the figure
trite or original? Is it farfetched or natural? What
percentage of sentences is figurative? Are figures
more common in prose or poetry? Why? Do the minor or
the major poets use more figures?

What stronger breast-plate than a heart untainted?
Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just;
And he but naked though locked up in steel
Whose conscience with injustice is corrupted.
SHAKESPEARE.

Hast thou left thy blue course in heaven, golden-haired son of
the sky? The west hath opened its gates; the bed of thy repose
is there. The waves gather to behold thy beauty; they lift
their trembling heads; they see thee lovely in thy sleep; but
they shrink away with fear. Rest in thy shadowy cave, O Sun!
and let thy return be in joy.--MACPHERSON.

I see before me the Gladiator lie;
He leans upon his hand; his manly brow
Consents to death, but conquers agony,
And his drooped head sinks gradually low;
And through his side the last drops, ebbing slow
From the red gash, fall heavy, one by one,
Like the first of a thunder-shower; and now
The arena swims around him; he is gone,
Ere ceased the inhuman shout which haile