cial beings.--_Bernheim._

2. History is the biography of a political society or
commonwealth.--_Arnold._

3. History is the story of man living in social relations in the
world.--_Hinsdale._

4. History is a record of the actions of men.--_Anon._

5. History is past politics.--_Freeman._

QUERIES

1. Which of the above definitions appeals to you most? Why?

2. Are there any criticisms to be made respecting any of the above
definitions?

3. What common idea runs through all the above definitions?

4. Quote at least one other definition of history.

5. Formulate for yourself a thoroughly satisfying definition of
history.

II. _Aspects of History._

1. Military.

2. Political and Constitutional.

3. Ecclesiastical.

4. Economic, Industrial, and Commercial.

5. Educational.

6. Literary.

7. Social.

QUERIES

1. Which of the above mentioned aspects should receive the chief
emphasis in the elementary school? In the high school?

2. Would the constituency of the schools affect the answer?

3. Would the year in which the course is offered in the high school
affect the answer?

4. Can you name other factors that would affect the answer?

5. Precisely what phases of history would be included under each of the
above aspects?

6. Do the aspects mentioned exhaust the categories?

7. So far as you have observed, are the practices in the high school,
respecting the aspects of history to be taught, in accord with your
ideals and theories?

III. _Source Material for History._

1. Primary Source Material.

(_a_) Monuments, inscriptions, buildings, tablets, columns, coins,
tools and utensils, tapestries, pottery, implements, and all
archaeological and antiquarian material.

(_b_) Legal documents, e.g., statute books, charters, petitions,
declarations, decrees, orders, court records, proclamations,
treaties.

(_c_) Literary forms, e.g., manuscripts, notes, books, diaries,
letters, paper money, newspapers.

(_d_) Narrative material, e.g., biographies, chronicles, memoirs,
and accounts of customs, superstitions, ceremonials, etc.

2. Quasi-Primary Source Material, or the Auxiliary Sources of History.

(_a_) Historical geography, involving a consideration of the
"origin, meaning, distribution, and changes of geographical names."

(_b_) Ethnology and sociology.

(_c_) Geology, paleontology, and physical geography.

(_d_) Paleog