ic form of social order--that is, they
developed a territorial group that performed all of its functions
within a given boundary which they called their own. From this time on
population increased and occupied territory expanded, and the group
became self-sufficient and independent in character. Then it could
co-operate with other groups and differentiate functions within.
Industrial, religious, and political groups, sacred orders, and
voluntary associations became prominent, all under the protection of
the general social order.

_The National Group Founded on Race Expansion_.--Through conquest,
amalgamation, and assimilation, various independent groups were united
in national life. All of the interior forces united in the
perpetuation of the nation, which became strong and domineering in its
attitude toward others. This led to warfare, conquest, or plunder, the
union of the conquered with the conquerors, and imperialism came into
being. Growth of wealth and population led to the demand for more
territory {445} and the continuation of strife and warfare. The rise
and fall of nations, the formation and dissolving of empires under the
constant shadow of war continued through the ages. While some progress
was made, it was in the face of conspicuous waste of life and energy,
and the process of national protection of humanity has been of doubtful
utility. Yet the development of hereditary leadership, the dominance
of privileged classes, and the formation of traditions, laws, and forms
of government went on unabated, during which the division of industrial
and social functions within, causing numerous classes to continually
differentiate, took place.

_The Functions of New Groups_.--In all social groupings the function
always precedes the form or structure of the social order. Society
follows the method of organic evolution in growing by differentiation.
New organs or parts are formed, which in time become strengthened and
developed. The organs or parts become more closely articulated with
each other and with the whole social body, and finally over all is the
great society, which defends, shields, protects, and fights for all.
The individual may report for life service in many departments, through
which his relation to great society must be manifested. He no longer
can go alone in his relation to the whole mass. He may co-operate in a
general way, it is true, with all, but must have a particularly active
co-oper