ksgivings. Like the six Collects after
the Communion Service, these may be used before the Prayer of S.
Chrysostom in the Morning and Evening, and (with one exception) also
when the Litany is said.

There are 11 Prayers: the first two were made in 1549: the next four in
1552: the first of the Ember prayers, in 1661: the second, in a
slightly different form, was a prayer in the Ordination Services of
1549, where it still stands. The ninth is from Gelasius' Sacramentary.
The Prayer for Parliament appeared in the last Revision (1661), but had
been printed before, in Special forms of Service.

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The _Prayer for all conditions of men_ first appeared in 1661. There
are eight Thanksgivings: the first, fourth, and sixth, were printed in
1661: the rest in 1604. In the first of these, if the petition were
_Send us, we beseech thee, such weather_, the Prayer might be very
frequently used during the spring and summer. Having these, we seem to
want other, occasional prayers, and thanksgivings. The spread of
Emigration, the enlargement of our Navy and Army, the multiplication of
Municipal bodies, and other developments of the National life, demand
occasional prayers in the Service, and especially, perhaps, a prayer to
be used at times of anxiety for those at sea.

[1] See his Ancient Collects, Appendix: and his Paper in S.P.C.K.
Prayer Book Commentary "On the Collects."

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CHAPTER XIV.

THE PRAYER SERVICE.

II. Anthems.

Anthem=Antiphon, fr. _antiphonon_: so called because two choirs sing
alternately.

Anthems are of two sorts--simple Anthems and compound Anthems. A
simple Anthem is one or more verses (often from Holy Scripture), used
to give character to a Psalm. A compound Anthem is a Hymn or Psalm
followed by a Verse, Respond, and Prayer. A simple Anthem was used,
for example, to give an Easter, Advent, &c. character to _Venite_.
Thus Dec. 16 is marked in the Calendar as _O Sapientia_ because on that
day the following Anthem was used with Magnificat:

O Wisdom, which camest forth out of the mouth of the Most High, and
reachest from one end to the other, mightily and sweetly ordering all
things; Come and teach us the way of prudence.

These words are taken, with some alteration, from Wisd. viii. 1. On
each of the seven days which follow, until Dec. 23, a different Anthem
was used with Magnificat; and forasmuch as these eight Anthems begin
with O (O Wisdom, O Lord, O Root of Jesse, &c