ls are very valuable. A mustard plaster
applied over the abdomen will assist materially in relieving the nausea
and vomiting. It should not be left on sufficiently long to blister.
When the affection is promptly treated as we have suggested, the patient
generally quickly recovers. If, however, it does not yield to these
measures, the family physician should be called in.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

Accidents and emergencies which require immediate attention frequently
occur. Professional aid cannot always be quickly obtained and hence
fatal results often follow. It is, therefore, important that all persons
should not only know how to proceed under such circumstances, but that
they should be able to exercise that deliberation and self-control so
necessary in emergencies of all kinds. Most persons are more or less
affected by the sight of blood or severe wounds, and it requires an
effort to maintain self-possession. One should act resolutely; otherwise
he will find himself overcome and unable to render any assistance.

WOUNDS.

Wounds may be classified as _incised, punctured, contused, lacerated_,
or _poisoned_.

_Incised_ wounds are those which are made with a sharp, cutting
instrument, and are characterized by their extent of surface.

_Punctured_ wounds are made with a pointed instrument, and distinguished
for their depth rather than breadth.

_Contused_ wounds are those produced by bruises.

_Lacerated_ wounds are those in which the flesh is torn and mangled.

_Poisoned_ wounds are made with a poisoned instrument, or by some
poisonous reptile or insect or rabid animal.

[Illustration: Fig. 1.
The field Tourniquet as applied. ]

In all cases of wounds, the immediate danger is in the _shock_ produced
upon the nervous system, and in the liability to _hemorrhage_.

SHOCK. If severe, the shock is attended with symptoms of extreme
prostration, such as a feeble pulse, shivering, partial unconsciousness,
fainting, hiccough, vomiting, and involuntary discharges of the urine
and feces.

[Illustration: Fig. 2.
Mode of employing flexion for the
arrest of hemorrhage from a wound
located below the elbow. ]

TREATMENT OF SHOCK. The clothing should be loosened immediately after
the accident, so that the blood may have free circulation, and the
patient should be kept in a recumbent position. He should have plenty of
fresh air. Camphor or ammonia may be inhaled. If he can swallow,
stimulants may be given, a