d. When the foreign
bodies are so small as to pass out of sight in the larynx, windpipe, or
esophagus, it is generally difficult to extract them, and the services
of a surgeon are required. Fortunately, however, there is not much
immediate danger from suffocation in such cases.

DROWNING.

Recovery from drowning sometimes occurs when life is apparently extinct.
The treatment, however, should be immediate and energetic, and should be
given in the open air, unless the weather be too cold.

TREATMENT. The patient should be gently placed upon the face with his
wrists under his forehead. The tongue will then fall forward and the
water run out of his mouth and throat, while the windpipe, or
air-passage, will be free. To restore respiration, he should be
instantly turned upon his right side, his nostrils excited with snuff or
ammonia, and cold water dashed upon his face and chest. If this
operation prove unsuccessful, replace the patient upon his face, care
being taken to raise and support his chest, turn the body gently on the
side and quickly again upon the face. Alternate these movements about
every four seconds, and occasionally change sides. When the body is
turned on the face, gentle but efficient pressure should be made along
the back, between the shoulder blades, to assist in forcing the air out
of the lungs, but this pressure ought to be removed before the patient
is turned back on his side. Persistently repeat this operation, and
success will often be the reward. As soon as respiration is established,
warmth may be promoted by the application of warm flannels to the body
and bottles of hot water to the stomach, armpits, thighs, and feet.
During the entire process of restoration, the body should be thoroughly
rubbed _upwards_. Turning the body upon the back or handling it roughly
should be avoided. The person should not be held up by his feet, or be
rubbed with salt or spirits. Rolling the body on a cask is improper, and
injections of the smoke infusion of tobacco are injurious. Avoid the
constant application of the warm bath, and do not allow a crowd to
surround the body.

FAINTING.

When a person faints, _he should be allowed to remain or be placed in a
recumbent posture_, and his clothing immediately loosened. The
extremities should be rubbed, the patient permitted to have plenty of
fresh air, and, if at hand, ammonia or camphor should be applied to the
nostrils.

BURNS AND SCALDS.

The danger