has a right to leave the port with her cargo.
Sec.8. To prevent the conveyance of contraband goods, the law of nations
gives a belligerent nation the _right of search_; that is, the right, in
time of war, to search neutral vessels, to ascertain their character,
and what articles are on board. A neutral vessel refusing to be searched
by a lawful cruiser, would thereby render herself liable to condemnation
as a prize. Private merchant vessels only are subject to search; the
right does not extend to public ships of war.
Sec.9. The property of an enemy found on board of a neutral vessel, may be
seized, if the vessel is beyond the limits of the jurisdiction of the
nation to which she belongs; but the vessel is not confiscated; and the
master is entitled to freight for the carriage of the goods. The
_property of neutrals_ found in an enemy's vessels, is to be restored to
the owners.
Sec.10. A neutral is forbidden by the law and practice of nations, to
permit a belligerent to arm and equip vessels of war within her forts.
Nor may the citizens of a nation fit out any vessel, or enlist, to go
beyond the limits of their own country to assist any people in war
against another with whom they are at peace.
Sec.11. It is sometimes agreed to suspend hostilities for a time. If the
agreement is only for a short period, for the purpose of burying the
dead after battle, or for a parley between the hostile generals; or if
it regards only some particular place, it is called a cessation or
_suspension of arms_; if for a considerable time, and especially if
general, it is called a _truce_. By a partial truce, hostilities are
suspended in certain places, as between a town and the general besieging
it; and generals have power to make such truces. By a general truce,
hostilities are to cease generally, and in all places, and are made by
the governments or sovereigns. Such truces afford opportunities for
nations to settle their disputes by negotiation.
Sec.12. A truce binds the contracting parties from the time it is made; but
individuals of the nation are not responsible for its violation before
they have had due notice of it. And for all prizes taken after the time
of its commencement, the government is bound to make restitution. During
the cessation of hostilities, each party may, within his own
territories, continue his preparations for war, without being charged
with a breach of good faith.
Sec.13. War is generally terminated, an
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