the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted
with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his
defense.

Art. VII. In suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury
shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise
reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the
rules of the common law.

Art. VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Art. IX. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights,
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the
people.

Art. X. The powers not delegated to the United States, by the
constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the
states respectively, or to the people.

Art. XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or
prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another
state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Art. XII. The electors shall meet in their respective states
and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at
least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves;
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and
in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president, and they
shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of
all persons voted for as vice-president, and of the number of votes for
each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to
the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the
president of the senate;--the president of the senate shall, in the
presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the
certificates, and the votes shall then be counted;--the person having
the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and
if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the
highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as
president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by
ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be
taken by states, the represent