of the other.

Sec.3. This rule, it is believed, is universally admitted in cases of
belligerents going themselves to a neutral country to make their
purchases. But whether a neutral nation is at full liberty to _carry the
goods_ in the cases mentioned, is not so certain. A nation in a just war
has a right to deprive her enemy of the means of resisting or injuring
her, and therefore may lawfully intercept every thing of a warlike
nature which a neutral is carrying to such enemy.

Sec.4. Articles which a neutral nation is not allowed to carry to an enemy,
are called contraband goods. What these are, it is impossible to say
with precision, as some articles may in certain cases be lawfully
carried, which would be justly prohibited under other circumstances.
Among the articles usually contraband, are arms, ammunition, materials
for ship-building, naval stores, horses, and sometimes even provisions.

Sec.5. Contraband goods, when ascertained to be such, are confiscated to
the captors as lawful prize. Formerly the vessel also was liable to be
condemned and confiscated; but the modern practice, it is said, exempts
the ship, unless it belongs to the owner of the contraband articles, or
the carrying of them is connected with aggravating circumstances.

Sec.6. One of the rights of a belligerent nation which a neutral is bound
to regard, is the right of blockade. _Blockade_ is a blocking up. A war
blockade is the stationing of ships of war at the entrance of an enemy's
ports, to prevent all vessels from coming out or going in. The object of
a blockade is to hinder supplies of arms, ammunition, and provisions
from entering, with a view to compel a surrender by hunger and want,
without an attack. A neutral vessel attempting to enter or depart,
becomes liable to be seized and condemned. Towns and fortresses also may
be shut up by posting troops at the avenues.

Sec.7. A simple decree or order declaring a certain coast or country in a
state of blockade, does not constitute a blockade. A force must be
stationed there, competent to maintain the blockade, and to make it
dangerous to enter. And it is necessary that the neutral should have due
notice of the blockade, in order to subject his property to condemnation
and forfeiture. According to modern usage, if a place is blockaded by
sea only, trade with it by a neutral nation may be carried on by inland
communication. And a neutral vessel, loaded before the blockade was
established,