tates:

To establish post offices and post roads:

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for
limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their
respective writings and discoveries:

To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court:

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas,
and offenses against the law of nations:

To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprisal; and make rules
concerning captures on land and water:

To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use
shall be for a longer term than two years:

To provide and maintain a navy:

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval
forces:

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the
union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions:

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for
governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the
United States; reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of
the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to
the discipline prescribed by congress:

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such
district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of
particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of
the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over
all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in
which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals,
dock-yards, and other needful buildings: And,

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
constitution in the government of the United States, or in any
department or officer thereof.

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of
the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not
exceeding ten dollars for such person:

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless
when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require
it.

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

No capitation or other direct tax shall be lai