, a copy
of the record, for which also he receives fifty cents.

Sec.4. The author must also, within three months after the first
publication of the work, deliver a copy of the same to the clerk of the
district court. And he must cause to be printed on the title page or
page immediately following, of every copy of the book, words showing
that the law has been complied with. This secures to the author the sole
right to print and sell his work for twenty-eight years, at the
expiration of which time, he may have his right continued for fourteen
years longer, by again complying with the requirements of the law as
before, provided it be done within six months before the expiration of
the first term, and a copy of the record published in a newspaper for
the space of four weeks.

Sec.5. _Patents_ for new inventions are obtained at the patent office at
the seat of government. This office is connected with the department of
the interior. (Chap. XLI, Sec.7.) The commissioner of patents superintends
the granting of patents under the direction of the secretary of the
interior. To secure an exclusive right to an invention, the inventor
must deliver to the commissioner of patents, a written description of
his invention, and specify the improvement which he claims as his own
discovery; and he must make oath that he believes he is the discoverer
thereof.

Sec.6. Before the petition of an inventor is considered, he must pay the
sum of thirty dollars. If the commissioner, upon examination, does not
find that the invention had been before discovered, he issues a patent
therefor. Patents are granted for the term of fourteen years, and may be
renewed for a further term of seven years, if the inventor has not been
able to obtain a reasonable profit from his invention.

Sec.7. Congress has power "to constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme
court." As the first section of the third article of the constitution,
in providing for a national judiciary, authorizes congress to ordain and
establish such inferior courts, the insertion of the power in this place
seems to have been unnecessary, (Chap. XLII, Sec.1.)

Chapter XXXVI.

Powers of Congress in relation to Piracy and Offenses against the Law of
Nations; War; Marque and Reprisal, Public Defense, District of Columbia;
Implied Powers.

Sec.1. The next clause grants to congress the power "to define and punish
piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses again