rticle of amendments, if there is no election of
vice-president by a majority of the electors, then, from the two highest
numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president.
Two-thirds of the whole number of senators shall constitute a quorum for
such election; and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to
a choice.

Sec.11. To be eligible to the office of president or vice-president, a
person must be a natural born citizen of the United States, thirty-five
years of age, and must have been fourteen years a resident within the
United States. The reasons for requiring long terms of citizenship and
residence, and mature age and experience, in the case of senators, apply
with equal force in the case of president.

Sec.12. In case of a vacancy in the office of president, the vice-president
becomes the president. The power of making further provision for
supplying vacancies is, by the constitution, given to congress. (Art. 2,
Sec.1.) Congress has accordingly enacted, that, when there is neither
president nor vice-president, the president _pro tempore_ shall act as
president; and if there should be none, the speaker of the house of
representatives would assume the duties of the office.

Sec.13. The same section declares that the salary of the president shall
neither be increased nor diminished during the time for which he shall
have been elected. It would be improper to allow congress to reduce his
salary at pleasure. This would make the executive dependent upon the
legislature for his support. On the other hand, if his compensation
could be increased during his official term, he might be tempted to use
undue influence to procure a needless increase of his salary.

Sec.14. The presidential term commences the 4th of March next after the
election, and ends the 3d day of March four years thereafter. Each
successive congress also commences and ends its term every two years, on
the same days of that month; and it is called a new congress, although
only one-third of the senators go out of office when a congress is said
to expire, and are succeeded by new ones when the next congress is said
to commence its official term.

Chapter XL.

Powers and Duties of the President; Treaties; Public Ministers;
Appointments and Removals.

Sec.1. The powers and duties of the president are next given. "The
president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United
States, and of the militia of