sually known as cone-scales;
seeds winged; roots mostly spreading horizontally at a short distance
below the surface.

CUPRESSACEAE.

THUJA. CUPRESSUS. JUNIPERUS.

Leaf-buds not scaly; leaves evergreen and persistent for several years,
opposite, verticillate, or sometimes scattered, scale-like, often
needle-shaped in seedlings and sometimes upon the branches of older
plants; flowers minute; stamens and pistils in separate blossoms upon
the same plant or upon different plants; stamens usually bearing 3-5
pollen-sacs on the underside; scales of fertile aments few, opposite or
ternate; fruit small cones, or berries formed by coalescence of the
fleshy cone-scales; otherwise as in _Abietaceae_.

Larix Americana, Michx.

_Larix laricina, Koch._

TAMARACK. HACMATACK. LARCH. JUNIPER.

=Habitat and Range.=--Low lands, shaded hillsides, borders of ponds; in
New England preferring cold swamps; sometimes far up mountain slopes.

Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, west to the Rocky
mountains; from the Rockies through British Columbia, northward
along the Yukon and Mackenzie systems, to the limit of tree growth
beyond the Arctic circle.

Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont,--abundant, filling swamps acres in
extent, alone or associated with other trees, mostly black spruce;
growing depressed and scattered on Katahdin at an altitude of 4000 feet;
Massachusetts,--rather common, at least northward; Rhode Island,--not
reported; Connecticut,--occasional in the northern half of the state;
reported as far south as Danbury (Fairfield county).

South along the mountains to New Jersey and Pennsylvania; west to
Minnesota.

=Habit.=--The only New England conifer that drops its leaves in the
fall; a tree 30-70 feet high, reduced at great elevations to a height of
1-2 feet, or to a shrub; trunk 1-3 feet in diameter, straight, slender;
branches very irregular or in indistinct whorls, for the most part
nearly horizontal; often ending in long spire-like shoots; branchlets
numerous, head conical, symmetrical while the tree is young, especially
when growing in open swamps; when old extremely variable, occasionally
with contorted or drooping limbs; foliage pale green, turning to a dull
yellow in autumn.

=Bark.=--Bark of trunk reddish or grayish brown, separating at the
surface into small roundish scales in old trees, in young trees smooth;
season's shoots gray or light brown in autumn.

=Winter Bu