en young about 1/2 inch long.

=Inflorescence.=--Sterile flowers at the base of the season's shoots,
clustered; stamens numerous; anthers yellow: fertile flowers at a slight
angle with and along the sides of the season's shoots, single or
clustered.

=Fruit.=--Cones lateral, single or in clusters, nearly or quite sessile,
finally at right angles to the stem or twisted slightly downward, ovoid,
ovate-conical; subspherical when open, ripening the second season;
scales thickened at the apex, armed with stout, straight or recurved
prickles.

=Horticultural Value.=--Hardy throughout New England; well adapted to
exposed situations on highlands or along the seacoast; grows in almost
any soil, but thrives best in sandy or gravelly moist loams; valuable
among other trees for color-effects and occasional picturesqueness of
outline; mostly uninteresting and of uncertain habit; subject to the
loss of the lower limbs, and not readily transplanted; very seldom
offered in quantity by nurserymen; obtainable from collectors, but
collected plants are seldom successful. Usually propagated from the
seed.

[Illustration: PLATE III.--Pinus rigida.]

1. Branch with sterile flowers.
2. Stamen, front view.
3. Stamen, top view.
4. Branch with fertile flowers.
5. Fertile flower showing bract and ovuliferous scale, outer side.
6. Fertile flower showing ovuliferous scale with ovules, inner side.
7. Fruiting branch with cones one and two years old.
8. Open cone.
9. Seed.
10. Cross-section of leaf.

=Pinus Banksiana, Lamb.=

_Pinus divaricata. Sudw._

SCRUB PINE. GRAY PINE. SPRUCE PINE. JACK PINE.

=Habitat and Range.=--Sterile, sandy soil: lowlands, boggy plains, rocky
slopes.

Nova Scotia, northwesterly to the Athabasca river, and northerly
down the Mackenzie to the Arctic circle.

Maine,--Traveller mountain and Grand lake (G. L. Goodale); Beal's island
on Washington county coast, Harrington, Orland, and Cape Rosier (C. G.
Atkins); Schoodic peninsula in Gouldsboro, a forest 30 feet high (F. M.
Day, E. L. Rand, _et al._); Flagstaff (Miss Kate Furbush); east branch
of Penobscot (Mrs. Haines); the Forks (Miss Fanny E. Hoyt); Lake Umbagog
(Wm. Brewster); New Hampshire,--around the shores of Lake Umbagog, on
points extending into the lake, rare (Wm. Brewster _in lit._, 1899);
Welch mountains (_Bull. Torr. Bot. Club_, XVIII, 150); Vermont,--rare,
but few trees at each station; Monkton in Addison county (