Branch with sterile flowers.
2. Stamen.
3. Branch with fertile flowers.
4. Bract and ovuliferous scale, outer side.
5. Ovuliferous scale with ovules, inner side.
6. Branch with cones.
7. Cross-section of leaf.

Pinus rigida, Mill.

PITCH PINE. HARD PINE.

=Habitat and Range.=--Most common in dry, sterile soils, occasional in
swamps.

New Brunswick to Lake Ontario.

Maine,--mostly in the southwestern section near the seacoast; as far
north as Chesterville, Franklin county (C. H. Knowlton, _Rhodora_, II,
124); scarcely more than a shrub near its northern limits; New
Hampshire,--most common along the Merrimac valley to the White mountains
and up the Connecticut valley to the mouth of the Passumpsic, reaching
an altitude of 1000 feet above the sea level; Vermont,--common in the
northern Champlain valley, less frequent in the Connecticut valley
(_Flora of Vermont_, 1900); common in the other New England states,
often forming large tracts of woodland, sometimes exclusively occupying
extensive areas.

South to Virginia and along the mountains to northern Georgia; west
to western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

=Habit.=--Usually a low tree, from 30 to 50 feet high, with a diameter
of 1-2 feet at the ground, but not infrequently rising to 70-80 feet,
with a diameter of 2-4 feet; trunk straight or more or less tortuous,
tapering rather rapidly; branches rising at a wide angle with the stem,
often tortuous, and sometimes drooping at the extremities, distinctly
whorled in young trees, but gradually losing nearly every trace of
regularity; roughest of our pines, the entire framework rough at every
stage of growth; head variable, open, often scraggly, widest near the
base and sometimes dome-shaped in young trees; branchlets stout,
terminating in rigid, spreading tufts of foliage.

[Illustration: PLATE II.--Pinus Strobus.]

=Bark.=--Bark of trunk in old trees thick, deeply furrowed, with broad
connecting ridges, separating on the surface into coarse dark grayish or
reddish brown scales; younger stems and branches very rough, separating
into scales; season's shoots rough to the tips.

=Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Leading branch-buds 1/2-3/4 inch long,
narrow-cylindrical or ovate, acute at the apex, resin-coated; scales
brownish.

Foliage leaves in threes, 3-5 inches long, stout, stiff, dark
yellowish-green, 3-sided, sharp-pointed, with two fibrovascular bundles;
sessile; sheaths wh