aines, Rene Louiche.
Du Roi, Johann Philip.

Ehrh.--Ehrhart, Friedrich.
Engelm.--Engelmann, George.

Gray, Asa.

Jacq.--Jacquin, Nicholaus Joseph.

Karst.--Karsten, Hermann Gustav Karl Wilhelm.
Koch, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph.

L.--Linnaeus, Carolus.
L. f.--Linnaeus, fils, Carl von.
Lam.--Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de Monet.
Lamb, Aylmer Bourke.
Link, Heinrich Friedrich.

Marsh.--Marshall, Humphrey.
Medic.--Medicus, Friedrich Casimir.
Michx.--Michaux, Andre.
Michaux, fils.--Francois Andre.
Mill.--Miller, Philip.
Moench, Konrad.
Muhl.--Muhlenberg, H. Ernst.

Nees--Nees von Esenbeck, C. G.
Nutt.--Nuttall, Thomas.

Peck, Charles H.
Poggenburg, Justus F.
Pursh, Friedrich Trangott.

Roem.--Roemer, Johann Jacob.

Sarg.--Sargent, Charles S.
Scheele, A.
Schlecht--Schlechtendal, D. F. L. von.
Schr.--Schrader, Heinrich A.
Spach, Eduard.
Sterns, E. E.
Sudw.--Sudworth, George B.
Sweet, Robert.

T. and G.--Torrey, John, and Gray, Asa.
Thomas, David.

Vent.--Ventenat, Etienne Pierre.

Walt.--Walter, Thomas.
Wang.--Wangenheim, F. A. J. von.
Watson, Sereno.
Waugh, Frank A.
Willd.--Willdenow, Carl Ludwig.

TREES OF NEW ENGLAND.

PINOIDEAE. PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS.

ABIETACEAE. CUPRESSACEAE.

Trees or shrubs, resinous; leaves simple, mostly evergreen, relatively
small, entire, needle-shaped, awl-shaped, linear, or scale-like;
stipules none; flowers catkin-like; calyx none; corolla none; ovary
represented by a scale (ovuliferous scale) bearing the naked ovules on
its surface.

ABIETACEAE.

LARIX. PINUS. PICEA. TSUGA. ABIES.

Buds scaly; leaves evergreen and persistent for several years (except in
_Larix_), scattered along the twigs, spirally arranged or tufted,
linear, needle-shaped, or scale-like; sterile and fertile flowers
separate upon the same plant; stamens (subtended by scales) spirally
arranged upon a central axis, each bearing two pollen-sacs surmounted by
a broad-toothed connective; fertile flowers composed of spirally
arranged bracts or cover-scales, each bract subtending an ovuliferous
scale; cover-scale and ovuliferous scale attached at their bases;
cover-scale usually remaining small, ovuliferous scale enlarging,
especially after fertilization, gradually becoming woody or leathery and
bearing two ovules at its base; cones maturing (except in _Pinus_) the
first year; ovuliferous scales in fruit u