vowel sounds, 20.

ARTICULATION, differing opinions concerning, 3;
relation of, to resonance, 51;
through upper lip, 72.
(See also _Pronunciation_.)

ARTICULATOR, 6.

ARTISTRY, 79.

ASCHAM, ROGER, on voice culture through imitation, 77.

AW-sound, lip position for, 22;
in exercises, 59, etc.

BEAUTY OF TONE, a criterion of correct vocal action, 56.

BELL, on pitch of vowel sounds, 20.

BOOTH, EDWIN, as a good speaker, 16.

BOOTH, JUNIUS BRUTUS, impairment of his voice, 53.

BREATH CONTROL, 23-32;
importance of, in both speaking and singing, 23;
muscles of respiration in, 23;
the diaphragm in, 23;
muscles in, 24;
the lungs in, 25;
inspiration, 25;
expiration, 25;
correct method of, 25;
a cure for nervousness, 27;
necessity of exercises, 27;
economy a factor in, 30;
exaggerated, 30;
initial use of, 31;
exercises for, 33-37;
of Farinelli, 37.

BREATH FORCE, initial use of, 31;
reserve, 31;
wasted, 31.

BREATH MASTERY, meaning of, 32.

BREATHING, art of, 3;
an amplification of the daily habit, 5;
defined as singing, 23;
correct, 25, 28;
not differing in sex, 26;
vicious habits of, 26;
controlling deeply, 26;
tests of, 26;
nose versus mouth, 26;
regularity of, 26;
in obtaining power and largeness of tone, 27;
for high tones, 27;
relation of, to nervousness, 27;
rhythmic, 27;
necessity of exercises, 27;
illustrations of, 28, 29;
exercises in, 33-37;
economy in, 30;
tests in, by Professor Mills, 30;
exaggerated control of, 30;
exhaustion, 31;
initial force in, 31;
reserve power in, 31;
mastery of, 32.
(See also _Abdominal breathing_.)

BROSCHI, DON CARLO, breath control of, 36.

BROWNE, DR. LENNOX, on the laryngoscope, 3.

BROWNE and BEHNKE, on nasal resonance, 53.

CHEST, expansion of and resonance, 49.

CHEST-ABDOMINAL BREATHING, 25;
illustrated in sleeping child, 25;
tests in, 26;
illustrated, 28, 29.

CHEST TONES, former emphasis given to, 2;
wrongly termed, 5.

CLAY, HENRY, as a good speaker, 16.

CLOSED TONES, former emphasis given to, 2;
wrongly termed, 5.

CRYER, DR. W.H., on the frontal sinus, 12.

CULTURE OF THE VOICE (see _Voice culture_).

DEEP BREATHING, importance of, for the actor, 19.
(See also _Breathing_.)

DETERRENTS TO BEAUTIFUL SINGING, 84, 85.

DIAPHRAGM, in breathing, 19;
not a muscle of expiration, 23;
described, 23, 24;
in