B

Baltic commerce in 11th century, 293.
Barcelona, early commerce of, 313.
Baffin's voyages and discoveries, 360.
Benjamin of Tudela, his notices of Asiatic commerce, 316.
Behaim's Chart, 351.
Behring's discoveries, 360.
Black Sea, ancient commerce in, 159.
Britain invaded by Caesar, 192.
Britons, their ships, 193.
---- ---- ---- commerce, 195.
Bruce's Travels, 479.
Burckhardt, 481.

C

Carthage, ancient, 34.
Commerce, 37.
Destroyed, 176.
Naval wars, 121. 124.
Caesar, Julius, survey of the Empire, 223.
Carpini, 317.
Cape of Good Hope discovered, 357.
---- ---- ----, travels in, 485.
Cabot, 353.
Caravan trade, 525.
Ceylon, ancient notices of, 226.
Cilicia, ancient commerce, 177.
China, in middle ages, 279.
----, route from, in 14th century, 322.
Corvus, the, described, 120.
Corinth, ancient commerce, 152.
Cosmas, 269.
Cook's, Captain, discoveries, 431. 454. 468.
Commerce in 18th century, 502. 512.
Crete, ancient commerce, 177.
Crusades, effect of, on commerce, 300.

D

Denmark, commerce in 16th and 17th centuries, 422.
Dutch commerce in 16th and 17th centuries, 383. 410.

E

Egyptian ancient commerce, 13. 82. 106.
Ships, 17.
English commerce in 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, 314. 390. 397, 398.
401. 4O4. 407. 410. 412.
---- shipping, 409.
England, commerce and shipping in 1822. 520.
English and Dutch commerce in 16th and 17th centuries compared, 410.
Eratosthenes, 88.
Etruscans, commerce, 112.
Ethiopia explored by Romans, 825.
Euxine, ancient commerce, 251.
Europe, general view of its trade in 15th century, 314.
At present, 512.

F

Fairs, ancient, 150.
France, commerce in middle ages, 304.
In 16th and 17th centuries, 417.
At present, 516.
Florence, commerce in middle ages, 304.

G

Gaul, commerce of, 186.
Genoa, commerce in middle ages, 302.
Gama's Voyages, 339.
Germany, ancient commerce, 195.
At present, 515.
Greenland discovered, 291.
Grecian ancient commerce, geography, and ships, 20. 30. 144.
---- Colonies, 157.

H

Hamilcar's Voyage, 41.
Hannos, 41.
Hanseatic League, 294.
Henry, Prince of Portugal, 334.
Herodotus, 45.
Hipparchus, 101.
Hudson's Voyages, 359.

I and J

Iceland discovered, 290.
Jews, commerce of, 18.
India, as known to Alexander, 60.
Direct ancient trade with, 105.
Ancient routes to, 210.
Trade in time of Nero, 243.
And China, ancient trade between, 271.
In middle ages, 279.
Indian commodities, price of,
af