sister of Athelstan, King of
England.

931. Marozia still rules in Rome; she makes her son pope John XI.

932. Hugh marries Marozia and is expelled from Rome by her son Alberic,
who confines his mother, and his brother, Pope John, in St. Angelo and
governs the city.

933. Henry the Fowler is victorious over the Hungarians at Merseburg.
See "HENRY THE FOWLER FOUNDS THE SAXON LINE OF GERMAN KINGS," v, 82.

Union of Cis- and Transjurane Burgundy into one realm, the kingdom of
Arles.

Saracens invade Castile and are defeated at Uxama.

936. Death of Henry the Fowler; accession of Otho the Great in Germany
and of Louis _d'Outre-Mer_ in France. Louis was given the surname for
having been in exile in England, whence he was recalled to the crown.

From this time chivalry may be said to arise. See "GROWTH AND DECADENCE
OF CHIVALRY," v, 109.

937. Confederation of Scots and Irish with the Danes of Northumberland,
totally defeated by Athelstan, at Brunanburh.

France is invaded by the Hungarians.

939. The Marquis of Istria levies imposts on Venetian merchants, the
repeal of which is enforced by the Doge suspending all intercourse
between the two states.

940. Death of King Athelstan; his brother Edmund succeeds to the English
throne.

941. Constantinople attacked by the Russians under Igor; they are
repelled by Romanus.

945. Death of Igor; his widow, Olga, governs the Russians during the
minority of their son Swatoslaus.

Cumberland and Westmoreland, England, granted as a fief to Malcolm, King
of Scotland.

946. Edmund, who had conquered Mercia and the "Five Boroughs" of the
Danish confederacy, England, slain by an outlaw; his brother Edred
succeeds.

951. Otho the Great marches an army in to Italy; he dethrones Berengar
for cruelly ill-treating Adelaide.

952. Otho restores Italy to Berengar and his son; they do homage to him
at the Diet of Augsburg.

955. Otho vanquishes the Hungarians on the Lech; he afterward conquers
the Slavonians.

Olga, the Russian Princess, baptized at Constantinople; she carries back
into her own country some beginnings of civilization.

956. Many provinces, including Armenia, recovered from the Saracens by
the Eastern Empire.

959. St. Dunstan made archbishop of Canterbury on the accession of
Edgar.

961. Berengar finally dethroned by Otho the Great; the sovereignty of
Italy passes from Charlemagne's descendants to German rulers.

962. Otho the Great, master of Italy;